https://doi.org/10.4081/btvb.2022.11

The Von Willebrand factor-ADAMTS-13 axis: a two-faced Janus in bleeding and thrombosis

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022)
Submitted: 17 January 2022
Accepted: 1 April 2022
Published: 26 April 2022
von Willebrand Factor, Shear stress, Mechanochemistry, Haemostasis, Platelets
Abstract Views: 1693
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Authors

  • Stefano Lancellotti Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Service, Fondazione “A. Gemelli” IRCCS University Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
  • Monica Sacco Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine “A. Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Maira Tardugno Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine “A. Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Antonietta Ferretti Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine “A. Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.
  • Raimondo De Cristofaro • raimondo.decristofaro@unicatt.it Hemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Service, Fondazione “A. Gemelli” IRCCS University Polyclinic, Rome; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Medicine “A. Gemelli”, Università Cattolica S. Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Von Willebrand factor (VWF), a blood multimeric protein with a very high molecular weight, plays a crucial role in the primary hemostasis, the physiological process characterized by the adhesion of blood platelets to the injured vessel wall. Hydrodynamic forces are responsible for the VWF multimers conformational transitions from a globular to a stretched linear conformation. These characteristics render this protein a valuable object to be investigated by mechanochemistry, the biophysical chemistry branch that studies the effects of shear forces on protein conformation. This review will focus on the structural elements of the VWF molecule involved in the biochemical response to shear forces. The stretched VWF conformation favors the interaction with the platelet GpIb and at the same time with ADAMTS-13, the zinc-protease that cleaves VWF in the A2 domain, limiting its prothrombotic capacity. It is important to consider the level or the function of VWF or ADAMTS-13 always in relation each other, keeping in mind that in many thrombotic forms of microangiopathies the reduction of the ratio between the ADAMTS-13 activity and the VWF level (lower than 0.5) can be a valuable parameter to predict a real thrombotic risk. Hence, a significant increase in VWF level alone, even without any reduction of ADAMTS-13 concentration, would still be responsible for a significant reduction of the ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio, which ultimately could reflect or predict a prothrombotic risk. Future studies will have to validate the concept whether ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio could a valuable and reliable biomarker to predict or confirm the presence of thrombotic risk in several morbid conditions.

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How to Cite

Lancellotti, S. ., Sacco, M. ., Tardugno, M. ., Ferretti, A. ., & De Cristofaro, R. . (2022). The Von Willebrand factor-ADAMTS-13 axis: a two-faced Janus in bleeding and thrombosis. Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/btvb.2022.11
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