https://doi.org/10.4081/btvb.2024.121
Blood platelets, prostaglandins and aspirin: a historical and personal rereading
Submitted: 22 January 2024
Accepted: 4 March 2024
Published: 13 March 2024
Accepted: 4 March 2024
Abstract Views: 1020
PDF: 164
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
This historical and personal review mainly focuses on the contribution of our research group and other Italian Colleagues to the development of aspirin pharmacology and its clinical use as an antithrombotic drug, in the Sixties, Seventies and Eighties. The main lines of research that have been developed over the last three decades, both at the experimental and clinical level, are not the subject of the present review.
Bizzozero J. Über einen neuen formbestandteil des blutes und dessen rolle bei der thrombose und blutgerinnung. Virchow’s Arch Path Anat Physiol Klin Med 1882;90:261-332.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112388167-011
Baserga A. 2nd Symp Fond Baldacci. Omnia Medica, Pisa 1957: p. 99.
Born GVR, Cross MJ. The aggregation of blood platelets. J Physiol 1963;168:178-95.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007185
O’Brien JR. Platelet aggregation. Part II. Some results from a new method of study. J Clin Pathol 1962;15:446-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.15.5.446
Beaumont JL, Caen J, Bernard J. Influence de l’acide acetyl salicylique dans les maladies hémorrhagiques. Sang 1956;27:243-8.
Blatrix C. Allongement du temps de saignement sous l’influence de certain médicaments. Nouv Rev Franç Hémat 1963;3:346-51.
Quick AJ. Salicylates and bleeding: the aspirin tolerance test. Am J Med Sci 1966;252:265-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-196609000-00003
Weiss HJ, Aledort LM. Impaired platelet-connective tissue reaction in man after aspirin ingestion. Lancet 1967;2:495-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(67)91658-3
Zucker MB, Peterson J. Inhibition of adenosine diphosphate- induced secondary aggregation and other platelet functions by acetylsalicylic acid ingestion. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1968;127:547-51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-127-32737
O'Brien JR. Effect of salicylates on human platelets. Lancet 1968;1:1431.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(68)92013-8
Evans G, Packham MA, Nishizawa EE, et al. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function. J Exp Med 1968;128:877-94.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.128.5.877
de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Vermylen J. A simple method to study the “stabilising” effect of chemicals and drugs on the platelet membrane. Thromb Res 1972;1:631-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(72)90041-2
Eco U. The name of the rose. London: Martin Secker and Warburg Ltd; Picador ed. 1983. p. 491.
Vermylen J, de Gaetano G, Verstraete M, eds. Round-the-Table Conference on normal and modified platelet aggregation. Acta Medica Scandinavica 1971;S1.
Fields WS, Hass WK, Eds. Aspirin, platelets and stroke-background for a clinical trial. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Warren H Green, Inc; 1971.
Baroldi G. Coronary thrombosis: facts and beliefs. Am Heart J. 1976;91:683-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(76)80532-7
Dikens ML. Discussion. In: Fields WS, Hass WK, eds. Aspirin, platelets and stroke-background for a clinical trial. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Warren H Green, Inc; 1971. p. 133.
O’Brien JR. Anti-inflammatory drugs and the prevention of thrombosis. Acta Med Scand 1971;525:211-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1972.tb05828.x
Aspirin after myocardial infarction. Lancet 1980;1:1172-3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(80)91626-8
Antiplatelet Trialist’ Collaboration. Secondary prevention of vascular disease by prolonged antiplatelet treatment. Br Med J 1988;296:320.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6618.320
Mustard JF, Packham MA. Factors influencing platelet function: adhesion, release, and aggregation. Pharmacol Rev 1970;22:97-187.
de Gaetano G, Vermylen J, Verstraete M. In: Ambrus JL, ed. Hematologic reviews. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1970. p. 205.
Smith JB, Willis AL. Aspirin selectively inhibits prostaglandin production in human platelets. Nature New Biol 1971;231:235-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/newbio231235a0
Ferreira SH, Moncada S, Vane JR. Indomethacin and aspirin abolish prostaglandin release from the spleen. Nature New Biol 1971;231:237-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/newbio231237a0
Vane JR. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. Nature New Biol 1971;231:232-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/newbio231232a0
de Gaetano G, Bertelé V, Cerletti C. Pharmacology of antiplatelet drugs. In: MacIntyre DE, Gordon JL, eds. Platelets in biology and pathology III. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1987. pp 515-73.
de Gaetano G, Vandenbussche A, Vermylen J. Etude de l'agrégation plaquettaire par le Thrombofax [Platelet aggregation by Thrombofax]. Experientia 1972;28:1127-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01918719
de Gaetano G, Vermylen J, Verstraete M. Platelet aggregation by Thrombofax. Studies on the mechanism of action. Experientia 1973;29:1136-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01946766
Silver MJ, Smith JB, Ingerman C, Kocsis JJ. Arachidonic acid-induced human platelet aggregation and prostaglandin formation. Prostaglandins 1973;4:863-75.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(73)90121-4
Smith JB, Ingerman C, Kocsis JJ, Smith MJ. Formation of an intermediate in prostaglandin biosynthesis and its association with the platelet release reaction. J Clin Invest 1974;53:1468-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI107695
Hamberg M, Svensson J, Samuelsson B. Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1975;72:2994-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.72.8.2994
Moncada S, Gryglewski R, Bunting S, Vane JR. An enzyme isolated from arteries transforms prostaglandin endoperoxides to an unstable substance that inhibits platelet aggregation. Nature 1976;263:663-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/263663a0
Kelton JG, Hirsh J, Carter CJ, Buchanan MR. Thrombogenic effect of high-dose aspirin in rabbits. Relationship to inhibition of vessel wall synthesis of prostaglandin I2-like activity. Clin Invest 1978;62:892-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI109203
O'Grady J, Moncada S. Aspirin: a paradoxical effect on bleeding-time. Lancet 1978;2:780.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(78)92661-2
Masotti G, Galanti G, Poggesi L, et al. Differential inhibition of prostacyclin production and platelet aggregation by aspirin. Lancet 1979;2:1213-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(79)92334-1
Jaffe EA, Weksler BB. Recovery of endothelial cell prostacyclin production after inhibition by low doses of aspirin. J Clin Invest 1979;63:532-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI109332
Villa S, Livio M, de Gaetano G. The inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet and vascular prostaglandins in rats cannot be completely dissociated. Br J Haematol 1979;42:425-31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1979.tb01151.x
Dejana E, Barbieri B, de Gaetano G. Aspirinated platelets are hemostatic in thrombocytopenic rats with nonaspirinated vessel walls-evidence from an exchange transfusion model. Blood 1980;56:959-62.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V56.6.959.bloodjournal566959
Patrignani P, Filabozzi P, Patrono C. Selective cumulative inhibition of platelet thromboxane production by lowdose aspirin in healthy subjects. J Clin Invest 1982;69:1366-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110576
Patrono C, Ciabattoni G, Pinca E, et al. Low dose aspirin and inhibition of thromboxane B2 production in healthy subjects. Thromb Res 1980;17:317-27.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(80)90066-3
Roberts LJ 2nd, Sweetman BJ, Oates JA. Metabolism of thromboxane B2 in man. Identification of twenty urinary metabolites. J Biol Chem 1981;256:8384-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)68855-1
FitzGerald GA, Brash AR, Falardeau P, Oates JA. Estimated rate of prostacyclin secretion into the circulation of normal man. J Clin Invest 1981;68:1272-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110373
Reilly IA, FitzGerald GA. Inhibition of thromboxane formation in vivo and ex vivo: implications for therapy with platelet inhibitory drugs. Blood. 1987;69:180-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V69.1.180.180
FitzGerald GA, Oates JA, Hawiger J, et al. Endogenous biosynthesis of prostacyclin and thromboxane and platelet function during chronic administration of aspirin in man. J Clin Invest 1983;71:676-88.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110814
Rajtar G, Cerletti C, Castagnoli MN, et al. Prostaglandins and human platelet aggregation. Implications for the anti-aggregating activity of thromboxane-synthase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 1985;34:307-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(85)90036-X
Bertelé V, Falanga A, Tomasiak M, et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of thromboxane synthetase and platelet aggregation: modulatory role of cyclooxygenase products. Blood 1984;63:1460-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V63.6.1460.1460
ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988;2:349-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92833-4
de Gaetano G, Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Low-dose aspirin and vitamin E in people at cardiovascular risk: a randomised trial in general practice. Collaborative Group of the Primary Prevention Project. Lancet 2001;357:89-95.
Weksler BB, Tack-Goldman K, Subramanian VA, Gay WA Jr. Cumulative inhibitory effect of low-dose aspirin on vascular prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane production in patients with atherosclerosis. Circulation 1985;71:332-40.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.71.2.332
Bertelé V, Cerletti C, Schieppati A, et al. Inhibition of thromboxane synthetase does not necessarily prevent platelet aggregation. Lancet 1981;1:1057-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(81)92224-8
De Caterina R, Giannessi D, Bernini W, et al. Selective inhibition of thromboxane-related platelet function by low-dose aspirin in patients after myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1985;55:589-90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(85)90258-9
Di Minno G, Silver MJ, Murphy S. Monitoring the entry of new platelets into the circulation after ingestion of aspirin. Blood 1983;61:1081-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V61.6.1081.bloodjournal6161081
Cerletti C, Carriero MR, de Gaetano G. Platelet-aggregation response to single or paired aggregating stimuli after low-dose aspirin. N Engl J Med 1986;314:316-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198601303140513
Braunwald E, Firedewald WT, Furberg CD. Proceedings of the workshop on platelet-active drugs in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. Circulation 1980;62:1-135.
Lewis HD Jr, Davis JW, Archibald DG, et al. Protective effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and effects of aspirin against acute myocardial infarction and death in men with unstable angina. Results of a Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med 1983;309:396-403.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198308183090703
Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazone, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1369-75.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198511283132201
de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Dejana E, Latini R. Pharmacology of platelet inhibition in humans: implications of the salicylate-aspirin interaction. Circulation 1985;72:1185-93.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.72.6.1185
de Gaetano G, Cerletti C, Dejana E, et al. The aspirin dilemma: new points for discussion. Thromb Haemost 1984;52:365.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661218
Cerletti C, Livio M, de Gaetano G. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs react with two sites on platelet cyclo-oxygenase. Evidence from in vivo drug interaction studies in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982;714:122-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(82)90133-7
Loll PJ, Picot D, Garavito RM. The structural basis of aspirin activity inferred from the crystal structure of inactivated prostaglandin H2 synthase. Nat Struct Biol 1995;2:637-43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nsb0895-637
Roth GJ, Majerus PW. The mechanism of the effect of aspirin on human platelets. I. Acetylation of a particulate fraction protein. J Clin Invest 1975;56:624-32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI108132
de Gaetano G. Historical overview of the role of platelets in hemostasis and thrombosis. Haematologica 2001;86:349-56.
Dejana E, Cerletti C, Latini R, et al. Salicylate-aspirin in the rat. Evidence that salicylate accumulating during aspirin administration may protect vascular prostacyclin from aspirin-induced inhibition. J Clin Invest 1981;68:1108-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI110336
Dejana E, Costantini V, De Amicis G, et al. Differential salicylate-aspirin interaction on vascular prostacyclin and platelet thromboxane synthesis in patients undergoing saphenectomy. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1985;180:533-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-180-42213
Livio M, Del Maschio A, Cerletti C, de Gaetano G. Indomethacin prevents the long-lasting inhibitory effect of aspirin on human platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity. Prostaglandins 1982;23:787-96.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-6980(82)90123-X
Rao GHR, Johnson GG, Reddy KR, White JG. Ibuprofen protects platelet cyclooxygenase from irreversible inhibition by aspirin. Arteriosclerosis 1983;3:383-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.3.4.383
Bucchi F, Cerletti C, de Gaetano G. Salicylate may prevent the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on serum thromboxane formation in man. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 1986;21:111-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0262-1746(86)90169-1
Alqahtani Z, Jamali F. Clinical outcomes of aspirin Interaction with other Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2018;21:29854.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18433/jpps29854
Ali M, McDonald JW, Thiessen JJ, et al. Plasma acetylsalicylate and salicylate and platelet cyclooxygenase activity following plain and enteric-coated aspirin. Stroke 1980;11:9-13.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.11.1.9
Siebert DJ, Bochner F, Imhoff DM, et al. Aspirin kinetics and platelet aggregation in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1983;33:367-74.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1983.47
Pedersen AK, FitzGerald GA. Dose-related kinetics of aspirin. Presystemic acetylation of platelet cyclooxygenase. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1206-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198411083111902
Cerletti C, Latini R, Dejana E, et al. Inhibition of human platelet thromboxane generation by aspirin in the absence of measurable drug levels in peripheral blood. Biochem Pharmacol 1985;34:1839-41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(85)90658-6
Cerletti C, Marchi S, Lauri D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of enteric-coated aspirin and inhibition of platelet thromboxane A2 and vascular prostacyclin generation in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;42:175-80.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.1987.128
Cerletti C, Gambino MC, Garattini S, de Gaetano G. Biochemical selectivity of oral versus intravenous aspirin in rats. Inhibition by oral aspirin of cyclooxygenase activity in platelets and presystemic but not systemic vessels. J Clin Invest 1986;78:323-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112569
Gambino MC, Passaghe S, Chen ZM, et al. Selectivity of oral aspirin as an inhibitor of platelet vs. vascular cyclooxygenase activity is reduced by portacaval shunt in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988;245:287-90.
Cerletti C, Gambino MC, Bucchi F, et al. Comparison of the effects of oral and intravenous aspirin administration on platelet and peripheral vascular cyclo-oxygenase activity: studies in rats and in man. Agents Actions Suppl 1986;20:239-48.
de Gaetano G, Carriero MR, Cerletti C, Mussoni L. Low dose aspirin does not prevent fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion. Biochem Pharmacol 1986;35:3147-50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(86)90400-4
Bertelé V, Mussoni L, Pintucci G, et al. The inhibitory effect of aspirin on fibrinolysis is reversed by iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue. Thromb Haemost 1989; 61:286-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646577
Iacoviello L, De Curtis A, D'Adamo MC, et al. Prostacyclin is required for t-PA release after venous occlusion. Am J Physiol 1994;2662:H429-34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.2.H429
Santilli F, Pignatelli P, Violi F, Davì G. Aspirin for primary prevention in diabetes mellitus: from the calculation of cardiovascular risk and risk/benefit profile to personalised treatment. Thromb Haemost. 2015;114:876-82.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1160/TH15-03-0202
Catalano PM, Smith JB, Murphy S. Platelet recovery from aspirin inhibition in vivo; differing patterns under various assay conditions. Blood 1981;57:99-105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V57.1.99.99
Di Minno G, Silver MJ, Murphy S. Monitoring the entry of new platelets into the circulation after ingestion of aspirin. Blood 1983;61:1081-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V61.6.1081.1081
Dejana E, Barbieri B, Cerletti C, et al. Impaired thromboxane production by newly formed platelets after aspirin administration to thrombocytopenic rats. Br J Haematol 1980;46:465-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2141.1980.tb05994.x
Di Minno G, Silver MJ, Cerbone AM, Murphy S. Trial of repeated low-dose aspirin in diabetic angiopathy. Blood 1986;68:886-91.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V68.4.886.bloodjournal684886
Di Minno G. Aspirin resistance and platelet turnover: a 25-year old issue. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011;21:542-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2011.04.002
Rocca B, Santilli F, Pitocco D, et al. The recovery of platelet cyclooxygenase activity explains interindividual variability in responsiveness to low-dose aspirin in patients with and without diabetes. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:1220-30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04723.x
de Gaetano G, Garattini S, Eds. Platelets: a multidisciplinary approach. New York: Raven; 1978.
Donati MB, Lorenzet R. Thrombosis and cancer: 40 years of research. Thromb Res 2012;129:348-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2011.12.022
Iacoviello L, Bonaccio M, de Gaetano G, Donati MB. Epidemiology of breast cancer, a paradigm of the common soil hypothesis. Semin Cancer Biol. 2021;72:4-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.010
Izzi B, Tirozzi A, Cerletti C, et al. Beyond haemostasis and thrombosis: platelets in depression and its co-morbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:8817.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228817
How to Cite
de Gaetano, G., & Cerletti, C. (2024). Blood platelets, prostaglandins and aspirin: a historical and personal rereading. Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/btvb.2024.121
Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Chiara Cerletti, Licia Iacoviello, Maria Benedetta Donati, The night of randomized clinical trials where all patients are black: a need to estimate variability in treatment effects , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Well begun is half done , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022)
- Roberta Parisi, Simona Costanzo, Romy de Laat-Kremers, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Amalia De Curtis, Teresa Panzera, Mariarosaria Persichillo, Chiara Cerletti, Giovanni de Gaetano, Maria Benedetta Donati, Licia Iacoviello, Bas de Laat , for the Moli-sani Study Investigators, Plasma fibrinogen levels and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in an Italian adult population: results from the Moli-sani study , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Welcome to AICE and sincere wishes for peace for the new year 2024 , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 4 (2023)
- Benedetta Izzi, Simona Costanzo, Alessandro Gialluisi, Amalia De Curtis, Sara Magnacca, Teresa Panzera, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Cerletti, Marc F. Hoylaerts, Giovanni de Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello, *on behalf of the Moli-sani Study Investigators, Platelet distribution width is associated with cardiovascular mortality in an adult general population , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Da la scheggia rotta usciva insieme parole e sangue: an unusual case of bleeding and the metaphor of a clinical trial , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Science in Ukraine is “bleeding” , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Artificial intelligence, platelets and aspirin , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Author's Reply. Da la scheggia rotta usciva insieme parole e sangue: an unusual case of bleeding and the metaphor of a clinical trial , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Chiara Cerletti, At the age of three , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
Similar Articles
- Francesca Santilli, Paola Simeone, Rossella Liani, Inflammation, platelets and diabetes , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
- Fabio Tumminello, Silvia Cardi, Corrado Lodigiani, Maria Elisa Mancuso, Antithrombotic therapy in idiopathic infertility , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
- Giovanni de Gaetano, Artificial intelligence, platelets and aspirin , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 1 (2024)
- Stefania Momi, Paolo Gresele, Blood platelets and Charles Darwin’s natural selection , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023)
- Paolo Gresele, Synthetic platelets: can bioengineering realize in few years what evolution made in over 200 million years? , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024)
- Luca D'Ambrosio, Maurizio Forte, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Role of platelet autophagy in cardiovascular diseases , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024)
- Ilaria Canobbio, Silvia Stella Barbieri, Are platelets more than a model of brain neurons? , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022)
- Giuseppe Camporese, Paolo Prandoni, Walter Ageno, Aspirin or low-molecular weight heparin for thromboprophylaxis after a fracture? That is the question , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023)
- Benedetta Izzi, Simona Costanzo, Alessandro Gialluisi, Amalia De Curtis, Sara Magnacca, Teresa Panzera, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Maria Benedetta Donati, Chiara Cerletti, Marc F. Hoylaerts, Giovanni de Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello, *on behalf of the Moli-sani Study Investigators, Platelet distribution width is associated with cardiovascular mortality in an adult general population , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 2 No. 3 (2023)
- Stefano Lancellotti, Monica Sacco, Maira Tardugno, Antonietta Ferretti, Raimondo De Cristofaro, The Von Willebrand factor-ADAMTS-13 axis: a two-faced Janus in bleeding and thrombosis , Bleeding, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology: Vol. 1 No. 1 (2022)
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
